Fatores neonatais, parentais e espaciais associados à ocorrência de anomalias congênitas no Estado do Piauí (2012- 2020)

Abstract

Congenital anomalies are the second leading cause of infant deaths in Brazil. However, research on these malformations is scarce in some states of the country. Thus, this work aims to describe the association of neonatal, parental and spatial factors with the occurrence of these anomalies in the state of Piauí. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with data on live births collected from the Live Birth Information System (SINASC), from January 2012 to December 2020. To assess the influence of neonatal and parental factors, stepwise regression was used with reduction in the Akaike Information Criterion and the quality of final adjustment was measured by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The spatial factor analysis was performed by using Spatial Incidence Ratio associated with the flexible spatial scan statistic. After data analysis, a prevalence of 69 cases of congenital anomalies was found for every 10,000 live births. Among the neonatal and parental factors evaluated, advanced maternal age (p < 0.001), male gender (p < 0.001), breech presentation (p < 0.001) and low birth weight (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the occurrence of congenital anomalies. As for spatial factors, higher values of Spatial Incidence Ratio for congenital anomalies were observed in the central-north and southeast mesoregions of the state. Two spatial clusters were also identified, including 18 cities, with a higher risk for the occurrence of anomalies in these mesoregions. Therefore, it is inferred that the analysis showed groups and areas associated with the occurrence of congenital anomalies in the state of Piauí, despite the underreporting of data.