Abordagens Terapêuticas Baseadas Em Evidências Para Transtornos De Ansiedade Em Crianças Menores De 12 Anos: Uma Revisão Integrativa Da Literatura (2020–2025)

Abstract

Anxiety disorders in children under 12 years of age are highly prevalent and significantly impact emotional and social development. This study consists of an integrative literature review aimed at identifying the main therapeutic approaches used in treating anxiety disorders in this age group, focusing on evidence published between 2020 and 2025. The search was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, LILACS, Cochrane, and Science Direct databases, using Portuguese and English descriptors combined with Boolean operators. A total of 18 studies were included after applying eligibility criteria. Findings indicate that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the most scientifically supported intervention, considered the first-line treatment, particularly when adapted to the child’s developmental level. Pharmacological treatments, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), were effective in moderate to severe cases, though concerns remain about safety and off-label use. Complementary therapies, such as mindfulness and yoga, showed promising results as adjunctive interventions. A multimodal approach, integrating psychosocial interventions, pharmacotherapy, and family involvement, yielded the best outcomes regarding adherence and clinical effectiveness. It is concluded that treating anxiety disorders in children should be individualized, taking into account variables such as age, comorbidities, family context, and resource availability. Current evidence reinforces the importance of integrated strategies, particularly in settings with limited access to specialized care.