Entre as linhas da vida e a arte da pesca: cartografia de processos de subjetivação e corpovivências das mulheres marisqueiras

Abstract

Introduction: The present study goes through lines that intertwine in the line of life, artisanal fishing and crochet, which weave the way of life of women artisanal fishermen/shellfish gatherers. Traditional fishing and shellfishing communities, historically, had and still have their way of life and existence neglected by the State and threatened by large economic enterprises that invade and exploit their territories and waters, making free access to traditional areas impossible and interfering in the dynamics of human, non-human and morethan-human lives. In recent years, with the global advance of capitalism, environmental conflicts and death policies against traditional communities have intensified, corroborated by the relaxation of environmental and labor laws (Félix-Silva, Oliveira & Bezerra, 2021). Given this scenario, historically, there is a movement of struggle and resistance against development policies to the detriment of the life, culture and work of traditional fishing communities. At the forefront of these struggles, the women who created, in 2005, the Articulação Nacional de Pescadoras (ANP) and promoted, alongside men, the emergence of the Movimento de Pescador e Pescadoras Artesanais (MPP), in 2010. They are women who participate in the Conselho Pastoral dos Pescadores (CPP) and form leaders in fishing social movements against different forms of violence faced by artisanal fishermen and fishermen and in defense of traditional fishing territories, in addition to fighting for labor rights and social security, recognition of occupational diseases and the appreciation of women in artisanal fishing (Félix-Silva et al., 2021). Along these lines, we carried out a dialogue with Suely Rolnik, Silva Federici, Maria Lugones, Margareth Rago, Judith Butler, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and other authors to follow the corporeal experiences and subjectivation processes of water women who are entangled along multiple lines and marked by logics of subjection that coexist with modes of resistance. In this study, our General Objective is to map processes of subjectivation and corporeal experiences of women shellfish gatherers. And specific: a) follow the multiple lines of life of water women based on their relationship with the art, life and artisanal work of fishing; b) map the narratives of shellfish gatherers about their ways of living from artisanal fishing; and c) analyze processes of subjectivation, subjection and resistance of shellfish collectors. Method: This is a cartography of subjectivation processes and corporeal experiences, which allows us to follow the movements of women shellfish gatherers in the territory and the subjectivation processes linked to the art and extractive work of artisanal fishing, recognizing and analyzing gender crossings, race and class. This cartography was carried out with 17 seafood restaurants from Ilha Grande - Piauí, based on six virtual meetings via the Google Meet platform and nine inperson meetings, between May 14, 2021 and June 8, 2023, making a total of 15 meetings. To follow the processes of subjectivation and map the experiences of women shellfish gatherers, through orality, relational art objects were used in remote meetings, sometimes made by shellfish gatherers, sometimes selected by researchers based on generating themes extracted from the traditional fishing territory, as well as participating in face-to-face meetings held by the study and research center Tenda de Artes e Educação em Saúde (TeArES), ANP and MPP. The women's narratives were recorded, transcribed and recorded in cartographic diaries. To analyze the subjectivation processes that emerged from fishing lines and mapped experiences, we resorted to conceptions of subjectivity and subjectivation processes from schizonanalysis and concepts from authors who think about the production of colonialcapitalistic subjectivity in contemporary times. The results show: On Ilha Grande, shellfish gatherers form and take on management roles in the Associação de Catadores de Marisco da Ilha Grande, providing discussions about shellfish gathering, sharing with the community about life in the waters, taking care of themselves and others, in addition to to fight for the preservation of the environment around the reproduction of common goods: life, education, cooking, family farming, artisanal fishing work and water territory. The experiences narrated by the shellfish gatherers point to their perception of themselves in the context of fishing, domestic tasks, caring for family members and the community; multiplicity of the bodyterritory, work overload when carrying out several functions at the same time during seafood gathering, in addition to its presence in the production of fishing materials, handling, preparation and sale of its products. We noticed the determination and courage in facing the challenges in the water territory, on the other hand, they demonstrated concern about health care, since specialized services are far from the territory and do not address the demands of water women. They point out the reliability of the union between them to maintain life, minimize conflicts and strengthen the community, and despite the challenges that traditional fishing communities are vulnerable to, they keep traditional practices and self-care alive to ensure care for the world.