Questões éticas do diagnóstico genético pré-implantacional e suas implicações jurídicas no Brasil

Abstract

The sequencing of the human genome has stimulated an increase in research in the area of Genetics, allowing the investigation of genetic content through Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD). In view of the rapid advancement of technology, global debates arise around ethical issues without the corresponding legal support, which unites Medical Genetics and Biolaw. In Brazil, the DGP is supported only by CFM resolutions, with no specific legislation on the subject. Thus, the objective of this project is to survey the ethical implications of the DGP technique in a global context and how Brazilian legislation welcomes these issues. An integrative literature review was carried out in the SciELO and VHL databases. The descriptors used in the search strategy, in English/Portuguese, were: “primplantation diagnosis”/“pre-implantation diagnosis” and “ethics”/“ethics”. Articles published between January 2012 and December 2022 were included. After screening 304 articles, 60 articles were read in full. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were included about the possible moral obligation of the use of DGP by the parents, their reproductive autonomy and the controversies in the ethical field of the use of the technique, in addition to its regulation in Brazil. if, then, that despite the ethical debates on PGD, there is still a need to integrate the legal gaps on the subject, with multidisciplinary discussions, in order to guide the use of the technique in ways that are not tied to the individualistic reasons of the parents.