Efeitos da bromelaína (derivada do Aananas comosus) em pele e músculo estriado esquelético após injúria experimental na pata de ratas

Abstract

Bromelain (derived from Ananas comosus - pineapple) from the protease family, a set of proteolytic enzymes found in plants of the Bromeliaceae family, is known for a variety of pharmacological effects, exhibiting fibrinolytic, antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, according to the our knowledge, there is no study about athe effects of bromelain extracted from the stem of Ananas comosus on skin and skeletal striated muscle tibialis anterior (TA) in an injury model by the experimental incision and concomitant histomorphometric analysis of the homolateral gastrocnemius in rats. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bromelain extracted from the stem of Ananas comosus on tissue manifestations in the skin and skeletal striated muscle after experimental incision injury in the paw of rats. The study was conducted with rats (Wistar) separated into three groups: control (n = 06), incision (n = 04) and bromelain (n = 05). Bromelain: 15 mg/kg, once/day, via i.p., for 7 consecutive days. The anti-inflammatory potential was tested with myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and macroscopic and histopathological skin analysis. The antioxidant potential was tested with glutathione (GHS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The gastrocnemius was analyzed histomorphometrically using ImageJ Software (Image Processing and Analysis in Java) for fiber area and diameter measurement, cell counts, nuclei and nuclei / cells. In incision group, the animals had an increase in MPO activity, reduced GSH levels and increased MDA (p≤ 0,05) in the skin and TA muscle, besides increased in the area of the gastrocnemius fibers (p≤0.05). However, bromelain was able to reverse these findings (p≤0.05) and favored the healing process in the skin. In conclusion, our data indicate that bromelain, extracted from the stem of Ananas comosus, reduced MPO activity and oxidative stress in the incised tissues, in addition, favored the healing process in the skin and reversed the increase in the area of the gastrocnemius fibers. It is recommended further studies with time superior to determine the contribution in diameters, cell counts, nuclei and nuclei/cells. Our experimental model is promising and can act as innovation in the assessment of damage and repair in skeletal striated muscle. Moreover, it has brought unpublished bromelain data reversing MPO activity and levels of GSH and MDA.