Panorama da Gravidez na Adolescência no Estado do Piauí

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescence, being a brief period of human life in which there are anatomical, physiological, behavioral, social and emotional changes, is a phase in which there is concern about sexual and reproductive activity regarding the possibility of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and early and/or unwanted pregnancies. There are several factors that contribute to the increase in the occurrence of teenage pregnancy (TP), such as changes in sexuality patterns, reduction of taboos, lack of family dialogue, lack of information about sexuality and others. TP is a risk factor for both maternal and fetal complications, with pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and the complications of these events being the main reason for hospitalizations in the range of 15 to 19 years. In addition to health risks, TP has socioeconomic impacts on the lives of mothers and families. Methodology: A quantitative methodology was used to analyze the available data on the characteristics of TP in the state of Piauí available on the DATASUS website. The population consisted of live births of mothers between 10 and 19 years old, in the period from 2016 to 2020. Results: It was found that there were 46,281 births to adolescent mothers between 2016 and 2020. 66.55% of the mothers were at least 8 years old of study and 32.29% had up to 7. Marital status was divided between single (43.95%) and consensual union (45.69%). Prenatal care was mostly satisfactory, with 61.10% classified as between intermediate and more than adequate. Most deliveries were in hospital, with 99.16% of cases. Most of the pregnancy lasted from 37 to 41 weeks, and the babies were born mostly weighing between 3,000g and 3,999g and with an Apgar score at the 5th minute of 8 to 10. Conclusion: It was evident that TP is not necessarily a poor prognostic factor for babies and that pregnant adolescents had their children with more years of schooling, which indicates a pregnancy with more years of life, which reduces complications in the process of pregnancy and childbirth. Most deliveries were vaginal, which benefits both mother and baby. Since most births take place in a hospital environment, it is noted that there is support from health professionals, reducing negative outcomes.