Viticultura do Vale do São Francisco: Uma Análise de Suas Potencialidades e Desafios

Abstract

The introduction of viticulture in the São Francisco Valley region was considered an impossible activity in the semi-arid region of the Northeast, but through irrigation projects across the São Francisco River, prepared with the support of CODEVASF and SUDENE, and with technological investments from EMBRAPA, investing in new varieties, boosted the development of grape production in the Integrated Polo of Juazeiro - Bahia / Petrolina - Pernambuco, and today it is a reference in grape production. Thus, the general objective of this work was to analyze the importance of grape cultivation for the Northeastern semi-arid region, with a look at its potential and challenges, highlighting the experience of the São Francisco Valley region, applied at the Integrated Complex of Juazeiro (BA ) and Petrolina (PE). With regard to specific objectives, we sought to: verify the grape production variables in the Northeastern Semi-arid, compare the performance of this activity in the Integrated Pole of Juazeiro and Petrolina, describe the viticulture production chain as an emerging activity in the Northeastern semi-arid region. institutional framework at the Integrated Pole of Juazeiro and Petrolina, identify the potential and progress of northeastern viticulture and their experiences at the Integrated Pole of Juazeiro and Petrolina, identify the challenges and obstacles of viticulture in the region of the northeastern semiarid and, in particular, at the Integrated Pole of Juazeiro and Petrolina. To achieve these objectives, the methodology used in this study was initially bibliographic research, with a literary basis on the subject, survey and collection of secondary data through IBGE, as well as an experience report of the São Francisco Valley cooperatives, thus, obtaining primary data. Pernambuco is the largest grape producer in all the states of the Semi-Arid, 79.64% of the total grape production in tons, and Bahia with 19.22% between the periods of 2019-2009, and the cooperative A stands out in the growth of the following variables as to the quantity of grape produced in tons, it showed an increase of the total 58.8%, an increase in production by a total of R $ 43.5 thousand, an increase in the area destined and the harvested area of grape, answered 2,115 thousand hectares and a increase in average income totaled approximately 26.87% between the periods of 2020/2016. The production chain consists of five stages, selection of inputs, production, processing, distribution and marketing, using local labor, with the support of EMBRAPA. In which it presents irrigation techniques, using the São Francisco River and the expanding domestic market with main potentialities and the main challenge, is the lack of incentive in government policies for local agriculture. As a result, the emergence of viticulture in the São Francisco Valley region is of great importance due to the generation of jobs and income for the local population, given the proportion that grapes reach in the domestic market, as well as the expansion of grape exports. for Europe and consequently an increase in the entry of foreign exchange into the economy.