Isolamento, identificação e perfil da suscetibilidade de Cepas De Staphylococcus Spp. Em Lesões De Pé Diabético De Pacientes Do Centro De Especialidades Médicas - Ciem Em Parnaíba-PI

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers represent one of the most serious complications associated with Diabetes Mellitus, often aggravated by infections. Among the microorganisms involved, Staphylococcus spp. stand out, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), both known for their virulence and increasing antimicrobial resistance. The presence of resistant strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), makes the treatment of these infections even more challenging. In this context, microbiological testing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are essential to guide clinical management and ensure appropriate treatments, thereby minimizing the risk of therapeutic failure. Objective: To identify and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from ulcers in patients with diabetic foot (DF), assessing the prevalence of S. aureus and CoNS, as well as the presence of methicillin resistance and inducible clindamycin resistance. Methodology: A descriptive study with a quantitative approach, approved by the CEP/UFDPar under protocol number 6.511.128, involving laboratory analysis of 22 samples isolated from patients treated at the Centro de Especialidades Médicas (CIEM) in Parnaíba, Piaui, Brazil. The strains were identified using biochemical and physiological tests, and subsequently subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion test, following the guidelines established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2025) and the Brazilian Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (BrCAST, 2025). Results: Of the total of 22 samples, 13 (59.1%) were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and 9 (40.9%) as CoNS. High resistance rates were observed to erythromycin (81%), levofloxacin (36%), and tetracycline (55%). Ten bacterial strains were classified as methicillin-resistant, including four MRSA, and six showed inducible resistance to clindamycin. One CoNS strain exhibited complete resistance to all antibiotics tested. Conclusion: The study revealed a concerning profile of antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus spp. strains of bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcers. The detection of cefoxitin resistance—indicating cross-resistance to beta-lactams—and inducible clindamycin resistance emphasise the importance of performing susceptibility testing and complementary biochemical and physiological identification in clinical practice. The data obtained underscore the importance of microbiological and susceptibility testing for the rational use of antimicrobials, support therapeutic decision-making, and emphasize the need for strategies to control and prevent bacterial resistance.