Hipotermia terapêutica em recém-nascidos com asfixia perinatal: indicações, cuidados e desafios

Abstract

Although therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in neonates with neonatal asphyxia is a scientifically based neuroprotective therapy, the use of TH still presents many challenges today, mainly related to implementation in low- and middle-income countries and to the scarcity and/or divergence of evidence related to some factors inherent to this therapy, such as indications and care. In this sense, this study seeks to synthesize information related to indications, care and challenges inherent to TH in neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Data were collected through the Latin American and Caribbean Literature (LILACS), PUBMED, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) data platforms and synthesized through an integrative literature review. As a result, it was obtained that some studies are still controversial regarding the indications of therapeutic hypothermia, new evidence is emerging regarding care during therapy, but studies in this area are still lacking; and the intrinsic challenges are mainly related to applicability in low- and middle-income countries, in addition to data heterogeneity. The study, therefore, highlights the need for new studies related to new evidence, the creation of protocols based on the reality of the place and the development of new therapies.