Assistência e Suporte Em Lactação e Amamentação para Famílias Lbgtqia+: Revisão de Literatura

Abstract

Under a general view, the constant changes in social scenarios invariably occupy the most relevant agendas of our history. It would not be different regarding the achievements sought by the LGBTQIA+ population, especially in relation to institutional neglect generated by the immaturity of collective consciousness. Therefore, the overall objective of this review is to investigate in the scientific literature the assistance and support in lactation and breastfeeding for these individuals, and specifically, to understand the protocols for inducing lactation in aspects related to safety, effectiveness, and availability of these methods. The search for scientific texts was carried out using CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) through the CAFe (Federated Academic Community) option, using the UFPI (Federal University of Piauí) login. The chosen databases were MEDLINE/PubMed (via the National Library of Medicine), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), and EMBASE (Elsevier). Seven articles were selected after being submitted to four exclusion criteria: availability of full-text, language (Portuguese, English, or Spanish), repeated texts, and deviation from the theme. The discussion was based on the three most frequent topics: galactagogues, hormonal preparation, and mechanical stimulation. Mentions of domperidone, a prokinetic with dopaminergic action, were unanimous in the works, with consistent effects on lactation induction and free of adverse reactions for the lactating/infant dyad. Metoclopramide was also mentioned among other substances with less frequent uses, either due to risk or still undefined effects. Hormonal preparation occupied its space of importance through the use of combined oral contraceptives. Manipulation of the areolopapillary complex, manual expression, pump extraction, and direct suction by the child were the stimulation techniques found. Regarding safety, domperidone held a prominent position. Despite their relative variations, lactation induction protocols showed positive results when analyzed in conjunction with physiological and affective aspects. Access to methods, although referenced as available, still faces barriers that range from insufficient technical approaches and the need for affirmative actions, to scarcity of work, lack of professional and domestic support in the postpartum context, embarrassment by family members, ignorance of rights (such as social and retirement benefits), and lack of support networks.