Aplicações Da Genética Forense E Do Banco De Dados De Perfis Genéticos Na Perícia Criminal Do Brasil: Uma Revisão De Literatura

Abstract

Forensic genetics consists of the study of biological or non-biological samples, aiming to acquire genetic profiles. The study and comparative analysis of the genetic profiles obtained allow forensic genetics to support the courts in the superior and learned administration of justice. There are several advantages of using DNA due to its high sensitivity and discriminative capacity and the existence of several biological sources to obtain it. Thus, this work aimed to discuss the forensic use of DNA, the presence of hypervariable regions in genetic material, the role of molecular markers, the existence and functionality of genetic profile banks in Brazil, as well as addressing analysis techniques of DNA and its applications. For a theoretical basis, a systematic and strategic scan of databases was carried out. The systematic search resulted in 41 studies in the three databases used (Google Scholar = 35, PubMed = 5 Scielo = 1), and 10 studies were included in the review. The data presented demonstrate the existence and functionality of genetic profile banks in Brazil and various techniques used in forensic