Polimorfismos Associados À Memória De Trabalho Como Fatores Presuntivos No Transtorno De Déficit De Atenção E Hiperatividade: Uma Revisão Sistemática

Abstract

With advancements in behavioral and genomic studies, the neurodiverse human diversity is explored, and this study aims to investigate the role of genetic influence on working memory (WM) in patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), particularly under the action of genetic polymorphisms, such as SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms). A relevant connection between ADHD and WM deficits linked to genetic variations is observed, and comprehending how these can affect WM in these patients is expedient to enhance and introduce novel diagnostic approaches for the disorder, aiming to ameliorate the quality of life for patients dependent on accurate diagnosis to initiate proper treatment. The current subjective and stereotyped approach hampers patients and studies. The research employs the acronym PICOS, encompassing participants, intervention, control, and outcome, to underpin the methodical and precise investigation of the subject. The articles retrieved from databases using the descriptors totaled 190, and after exclusion steps, 40 articles were selected for review. Genes yielding consistent outcomes included DAT1 (10R/10R homozygotes of DAT1 3’ UTR more consistent with hyperactivity profiles), COMT (Val/Val homozygotes with poorer WM performance in ADHD groups), SNAP25 (children homozygous for rs3746544 variant TT displayed significantly reduced cognitive activity in WM-involved regions), and DRD4 (TT homozygotes exhibited decreased functional connectivity between WM-associated regions, indicating processing network fragility and higher susceptibility to brain dysfunction and/or adaptation deficits). The findings of this study underscore the potential presumptive role that certain biological markers, such as polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins acting in the central nervous system (CNS), can play, potentially facilitating access for families of undiagnosed ADHD patients, and estimating the heritability of the disorder in their familial lineage.