Tributação sobre o ganho de capital em operações day trade na bolsa de valores: principais características do imposto de renda pessoa física

Abstract

Considering profit or loss in Day Trade operations, that is, buying and selling shares on the same day, the taxpayer is obligated to declare such operation, which is still valid for those who have operated and entered as a dependent on another's declaration . It should be noted that there is no Income Tax exemption on such transactions. Although the declaration is in annual periods, the taxes payable are calculated in monthly periods. That said, losses incurred in a monthly period may be compensated for in subsequent monthly periods, with no restrictive issue regarding the month or year of use. It should be noted that if compensation of the negative outcome, or loss, from previous months is intended, such loss must be informed in the Variable Income Statement form, which appears in the Annual Adjustment Statement, in the period referring to the loss, as well as in the periods, until the amount is fully compensated. It is necessary to complete the Variable Income Statement. With the purpose of declaring the shares for Income Tax purposes, including Day Trade type transactions, it is necessary to gather the complete data of transactions carried out from January 1st to December 31st. The movements must be separated, monthly, according to the investment classification, whether stocks, options, forward market, dollars, indices, or others, and these must be grouped by sale class, if common or Day Trade. The brokerage notes are requested, where the necessary data to fill out the declaration will be found, including the anticipated Income Tax collected at source by the brokerage agency. When examining this situation, this study highlights the following research problem: what are the main characteristics that the investor should consider in the taxation of IRPF on capital gain in Day Trade type trades in the Brazilian spot market? The general objective is to identify relevant aspects of the financial market, with an emphasis on Day Trade operations on the Brazilian stock exchange. With regard to the establishment of specific objectives, the following are evident: verifying concepts and marketing issues related to the Brazilian finance market, with emphasis on operations carried out on the stock exchange; investigate characteristics about the IRPF, introducing relevant issues for the concluding chapter of this research; analyze the main characteristics of Brazilian taxation on IRPF on capital gain in day trade operations in the spot market. The Narrative Literature Review, also known as Literature Review, is the methodological procedure defined for this research.