Estudo das Variações Genéticas Relacionadas Ao Alcoolismo na População Brasileira: Uma Revisão Sistemática

Abstract

Alcoholism is a disease that encompasses all social classes and has no age restrictions for the onset of the habit of drinking alcoholic beverages. The excessive use of alcohol and over time compromises health through a set of behavioral, cognitive and physiological phenomena. Brazil has an increase in the abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages, with 30% of hospital admissions of patients with alcohol dependence (AD). Individual variation in AD is related to genetic risk factors, and this genetic architecture of AD susceptibility can be defined as (1) the number of genes involved, (2) the inter-individual variation in these genes, and (3) the magnitude and nature of its specific genetic effects. A portion of 17 genes are related to alcohol metabolism, and these genes are classified by metabolism genes, transmembrane protein gene, DNA repair gene, synaptic neurotransmitter genes. The objective of the work is to verify the genetic susceptibility of alcoholism genes and the prevalence in the Brazilian population in the development of the AD etiology and to answer the central question of this work “Is there a genetic susceptibility to alcohol dependence in the Brazilian population?”, and with that too , to bring a reflection to measures strategies for public health policies in the country and to guide future studies of genetic variations in an alcoholic population. The systematic review (SR) collaborates with this study strategy by summarizing the scientific evidence through databases, following a methodology through a protocol designed to limit the study and identify research on genes associated with alcoholism in the Brazilian population. Searching articles through databases resulted in a total of 2,229 articles, then 158 duplicates were removed and 1,942 articles excluded. And 129 articles were evaluated by eligibility criteria being removed, then 114 articles after that evaluation. This work carefully evaluated 15 articles and a dissertation within the criteria elaborated by the RS protocol. The results cover four Brazilian states with alcoholic populations, and the genes studied are: Piauí, Goiás, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. Five genes have an increased risk for alcoholism when compared to the control group, while three genes have a protective factor. The meta-analysis was performed with three works included in the RS of the GSTP1 metabolism gene rs1695 polymorphism and suggests that the forest plot graph of the genotype comparison models did not demonstrate statistical significance, which the polymorphism (Val) does not play a significant role in for susceptibility to alcoholism in the Brazilian population. This work concludes on the importance of investigating the weight of evidence regarding the genetic variations associated with the abusive use of alcohol in Brazil.