Estudo fitoquímico e atividade biológica de folhas de copernicia prunifera (mill.) h.E. Moore

Abstract

Copernícia prunifera (Mill) H. E. Moore is a native palm tree from Brazil hat adds values both for the local economy and countrys economy, Among the various parts of the plant, the epieuticular wax that covers the surface of the leaves is the main raw material used in the manufacture of wax, used in various industrial sectors. Although widely used, there are still few phytochemical and biological studies about the species. The objective of this study was to compare two treatments for the removal of epicuticular wax (EC), ehloroform (CHCI3) and hexane (C6HI2), and characterize phytochemistry and evaluate the biological activity of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of leaves and epicuticular wax, both without treatment and treatment of C. prunifera. The samples were collected in the city of Caxingó, Piauí Brazil. For the phytochemical characterization were used qualitative tests (phenols, tannins, saponins, reducing sugar, organic acids, polysaccharides, alkaloids and Fflavonoids) and quantitative (yield and total). For the identification of the main chemical groupings of the samples, the electrochemistry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FIIR) were made. The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity was determined by the 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyIbenzihiazoline-6-sulfonic) - ABTS + » method. The in vitro extotoxic potential of the epicuticular wax extracts was verified in four tumor lines and the biocompatibility was evaluated by analyzing the hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes, The efficacy of the two treatments was observed using surface electron microscopy (SEM). The crude percentage vield (RPB) of the aqueous extract of the mature leaves epicuticular wax (EAFM) was higher (1.9%) than the aqueous extract f the epicuticular wax of the young leaves EAFJ (1.5%). The leaves treated with chloroform had higher RPB than leaves treated with hexane. The hydrogenation potential (pH) of EC extracts were slightly acidic, 5.7 (EAFI) and 6.0 (EAEM), as well as ethanolic (4.7) and methanolic (5.9) extracts of green leaves treated with chloroform, however all other extracts of the leaves of both treatments presented neutral pH. Condensed tannins, saponins and alkaline reducing sugars and flavonols were detected in leaf extracts and cpicuticular wax. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of bands associated with these metabolites. The total phenolic content of aqueous extracts of wax was lower in EAFJ (56.48 + 21.91 mg EAG / g extract) than EAFM (158.52 + 3927 mg EAG / g extract). The antioxidant activity (AA) was 349 + 4,8 ug and 100.3 4 15.2 ug for EAFJ and EAFM, respectively. The extractions (aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic) of mature leaves treated with chloroform had higher AA when compared to mature leaves treated with hexane. Young leaves treated with hexane showed more efficient Aqueous extracts of epicuticular wax showed cytotoxicity to the glioblastoma line (SF-295), while extracts of wax and leaves treated with hexane showed low toxicity to human erythrocytes. The results obtained show that in addition to the industrial applications, the epicuticular wax and the leaves of C. prunifera present great biological potential.