Conhecimentos e atitudes de gestantes atendidas na atenção Primária à saúde acerca da covid-19 e seus fatores associados

Abstract

The present study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women assisted in Primary Health Care about COVID-19 and the associated factors. A systematic review of the literature and a field study were performed. The systematic review of the literature was carried out in December 2020, in four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and

BIREME/LILACS, using the PECO tool and the terms MESH "Pregnant women", "COVID- 19", "prenatal" and synonymous words. The research revealed 1,245 studies. Only original

primary articles published in English, Portuguese or Spanish, with quantitative study design or mixed method studies were included in this review. A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. The reviewers selected the titles and abstracts according to the eligibility criteria and performed the data extraction. The risk of bias and the quality of the studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The factor associated with COVID-19 were changes in the mental status of pregnant women, especially increased symptoms of anxiety or depression, followed by clinical changes, such as higher rates of hospitalization and icu stay. In addition, some ethnic groups are shown to be more vulnerable in this scenario. Pregnant women experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic or infected with the virus are clinically and psychologically more, especially some ethnic groups (black and Hispanic). The second part of the study is an observational, analytical and cross-sectional field research developed with the sample of pregnant women (n= 70), who performed prenatal follow-up in Primary Health Care in the municipality of Parnaíba-PI. The data test occurred from April to October 2021, and was based on a questionnaire from the Knowledge and Attitude survey regarding COVID19 among Pregnant Women in Southwestern Iran in the Early Period of its Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study composed of information on sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history and questions with content about knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19. Subsequently, a statistical analysis of the descriptive type was performed by reading the absolute (N) and relative (%) frequencies. Pearson's chi-square and binomial statistical tests were used to test the hypothesis of association between the levels of knowledge and attitude of pregnant women with sociodemographic characteristics. Only a significant association was detected between the variables attitude and marital status, with single women having a higher rate of negative attitude towards COVID-19. Although most of the participants in the present study present adequate knowledge and positive attitude about COVID-19, they are concerned about their health of their babies, in addition, there was an association between marital status and attitude.