DSpace Communidade: Repositório dos cursos de graduação da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba

Malformações Congênitas Da Fossa Posterior: Uma Revisão Das Características Clínicas E Radiológicas Por Meio De Um Guia Ilustrado

Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Malformações Congênitas Da Fossa Posterior: Uma Revisão Das Características Clínicas E Radiológicas Por Meio De Um Guia Ilustrado Autor(es): Souza, Wallyson Pablo De Oliveira Abstract: Congenital malformations of the posterior fossa (PF) encompass a wide spectrum of morphological anomalies that arise during embryonic development. This paper provides a narrative review of these most common disorders from a morphological approach based on the division into cystic (Dandy-Walker malformation, Blake’s Pouch cyst, mega cisterna magna, arachnoid cyst, and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia) and non-cystic malformations (Joubert syndrome, rhomboencephalosynapsis, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia). The embryogenesis of PF structures is briefly outlined. While magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred modality for evaluation, computerized tomography and ultrasonography serve complementary roles. In conjunction with clinical aspects, specific radiological features, such as cerebellar vermis morphology, Torcular Herophili position, and the presence/absence of mass effect, are highlighted for accurate diagnosis. We also present some typical radiological findings in non-cystic malformations, such as molar tooth sign, diamond- shaped fourth ventricle, and dragonfly-shaped cerebellum. This comprehensive review aims to assist radiologists, neuropediatricians, and general neurologists in recognizing and describing PF malformations, thereby facilitating appropriate management strategies. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba Tipo: Artigo de Periódico

Impactos Da Dengue No Sistema Neurológico: Uma Análise Das Complicações Clínicas

Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Impactos Da Dengue No Sistema Neurológico: Uma Análise Das Complicações Clínicas Autor(es): Carvalho, Ana Caroline Sousa; Oliveira, Vitória Alves Abstract: N/A Instituição: Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba Tipo: Artigo de Periódico

Anomalias Congênitas Em Parnaíba-Pi: Uma Análise Epidemiológica, Retrospectiva E De Fatores Associados Em Neonatos

Wed, 11 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Anomalias Congênitas Em Parnaíba-Pi: Uma Análise Epidemiológica, Retrospectiva E De Fatores Associados Em Neonatos Autor(es): Lopes , Victor Augusto Vieira Primeiro Orientador: Canalle, Renata Abstract: Introduction: Congenital anomalies (CA) are functional, structural, or metabolic alterations that occur during intrauterine life and are identified during prenatal care or after the birth of the newborn (NB). Their etiology encompasses genetic, environmental, multifactorial, or unknown events. Factors such as maternal age, nutrition, drug abuse, acquired and genetic disorders can influence the prevalence of CA. In Brazil, data on the occurrence of CA are obtained from Live Birth Certificates (Declaração de Nascido Vivo - DNV) and stored in the Live Birth Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos - Sinasc). Objectives: To analyze the birth prevalence of congenital anomalies in Parnaíba-PI between 2018 and 2023, characterizing them, associating cases with related factors, and conducting a retrospective investigation. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFDPar under protocol 6.483.843. Data collection was conducted through Sinasc using DNV, obtained from the Parnaíba-PI Health Department. Variables associated with the NB and pregnant women were analyzed within the sociodemographic and obstetric context. A case-control analysis was performed using the variables as exposure factors to calculate the Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and significance level of p<0.05 using the BioEstat 5.3 software. Results: Among the 14,109 DNV, 92 presented some type of CA, with a birth prevalence of 65 per 10,000 live births. Regarding variables among NBs with CA, the sex distribution was 51.09% male, 31.52% had a birth weight <2500g, the Apgar score was <7 in 28.26% at 1 minute and 10.87% at 5 minutes, and gestational age was preterm in 29.35%. The history of abortions and other individual information was absent in the DNV. The highest frequencies of CA were in the musculoskeletal system (49.56%) and cleft lip/palate (9.73%). In the retrospective analysis, birth weight <2500g (OR=5.48; CI=3.52–8.55; p<0.0001), gestational age ≤37 weeks (OR=3.24; CI=2.05–5.13; p<0.0001), Apgar score at 1 minute (OR=9.13; CI=5.75–14.46; p<0.0001) and at 5 minutes (OR=12.20; CI=7.19–28.05; p<0.0001), and maternal education up to primary school (OR=2.89; CI=1.43–5.86; p=0.0047) were the only exposures that indicated a higher chance of birth with CA. Conclusion: It was possible to estimate the prevalence and statistically analyze the data frequencies, confirming the association of factors related to CA. However, there is a need to improve the diagnosis of CA and to train healthcare professionals for the correct completion of the DNV. The information obtained in this study is important for planning public policies focused on the care, follow-up, prevention, and quality of life of NBs with CA. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso

Eixo Microbiota-Intestino-Cérebro E O Transtorno Do Espectro Autista: Revisão Sistemática

Sun, 06 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Eixo Microbiota-Intestino-Cérebro E O Transtorno Do Espectro Autista: Revisão Sistemática Autor(es): Guimarães , Beatriz Gonçalves Primeiro Orientador: Silva , Valécia Natália Carvalho da Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of ASD through the microbiota- gut-brain axis. This study performed a systematic review of the literature with the aim of investigating how alterations in the gut microbiota influence behavioral, cognitive, and gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals with ASD. Thirteen observational studies published between 2015 and 2025 were selected using the PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, and ScienceDirect databases. Most studies demonstrated alterations in the microbiota composition of children with ASD, with reduced microbial diversity and increased potentially pathogenic microorganisms, such as Clostridium, Klebsiella, and Proteus. Reductions in bacteria producing butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, were also observed. The findings point to a relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and changes in the metabolism of neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate, in addition to an association with behavioral symptoms and gastrointestinal disorders. The influence of maternal factors, diet, and geographic location on the microbiome was also highlighted. Despite the methodological differences between the studies, the results reinforce the role of microbial imbalance in the neurobehavioral modulation of ASD. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota, through interventions such as probiotics and specific diets, appears to be a promising therapeutic approach, although more standardized and longitudinal research is needed to prove its effectiveness. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso